Qualitative Project Observational Methods - 1360 Words

Qualitative Project: Observational Methods Outline 14.1: Introduction The choice to conduct observational research is based on the questions we want to answer. This form of research needs to be approached with the knowledge in mind that this type of psychological observation is inferential in nature. 14.2: What is observational research? Observational research can be both a standalone and an integrated research method. Observational studies can be conceptualized into four core dimensions: Theory testing-exploratory This first dimension determines the extent to which the study wishes to test existing theories. In contrast, exploratory studies are used in a more descriptive way. They are a form of ‘reconnaissance’, that can be revisited†¦show more content†¦A complete observer remains completely detached from the group they are studying. They have no direct contact with group members. An observer as a participant joins a group with the expressed intention to observe them. Advantages of this position are access to material, even private information. In this role the observer can ask questions. Disadvantages can include issues of confidentiality, and marginality since they are only partly part of that group. The participant as observer differs from the observer as a participant in that the former is more active within the group than the latter, the latter being more reactive. Advantages are familiarity within the group and with their role, with a mor e subjective and sympathetic overall understanding. Disadvantages are limited access to private information as well as more energy being spent on participating than observing. A complete participant is fully involved with the group and conceals the observations from them. Advantages are that the observer develops an intimate understanding of a particular role and has access to the thoughts, feelings and intuitions of participants. Disadvantages are that the observer turned participants must subsume their own identity in order to become part of the group they mean to study, and it is ethically wrong to observe a group without consent. 14.3: Levels of observation:

A Study On Lift Labs - 1506 Words

Liftware Spoon Background Lift Labs is a company founded by Anupam Pathak which developed a spoon called Liftware Stabiliser (Rushe, 2014) which is designed to counteract the the physiological tremor and shaking associated with Parkinson’s disease (Neckar, 2014). The company was acquired by Google in September 2014 and integrated into the life sciences division of Google X (Dougherty, 2014). The Liftware stabilising handle (which can attach spoon, fork and soup spoons) contains motion sensors (an accelerometer) (Gruneisen, 2013) that detect hand motion, and a small onboard computer distinguishes unwanted hand tremors from the intended movement of the hand. The computer directs two motions in the handle to move the utensil attachment in the opposite direction of any detected tremor, therefore counteracting any tremors, stabilising the utensil (Liftware, 2014) and reducing the shaking by up to 70% (Mashable, 2013). Google launched the spoon in November 2014, costing $295 USD (Rushe, 2014). Opportunities identified in the Market†¨ When developing a new product or service it is important to consider the opportunities in the market. In delivering new or innovative products into the market, firms must employ a series of activities that are outlined in the New Product Development process (Koen et al, 2007). Peter Koen et al. provides a five-step front-end activity called front-end innovation: ‘opportunity identification, opportunity analysis, idea genesis, idea selection, andShow MoreRelatedDementia and Parkinson ´s Disease Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesdevices in public or trying to eat with them in the presence of others. San Francisco-based company Lift Labs recently developed a type of electronic utensil (called Liftware) to help offset the effects of tremors using stabilizing technology. What makes this Lift Labs device different from others is that it does not try to eliminate the tremor, but rather counteract it. CEO and Founder of Lift Labs, Anupam Pathak, developed this innovative technology while working on his Ph.D. in mechanical engineeringRead MoreThe Environmental Technology Program At S.a.i.t955 Words   |  4 PagesThe program that I have chosen to study is the Environmental technology program at S.A.I.T and this is important not because I want to shut down all the â€Å"dirty energy† companies that work in the oil and gas or coal sector but because I want to make them better and more sustainable so that the resources will last longer. More people should think this way because the world needs these companies to survive and it would be economic suicide to shut just oil and gas dow n, look at what is happening rightRead MoreThe Environmental Technology Program At S.a.i.t955 Words   |  4 PagesThe program that I have choose to study is the Environmental technology program at S.A.I.T and this is important not because I want to shut down all the â€Å"dirty energy† companies that work in the oil and gas or coal sector but because I want to make them better and more sustainable so that the resources will last longer. More people should think this way because the world needs these companies to survive and it would be economic suicide to shut just oil and gas down, look at what is happening rightRead MoreSaving Game881 Words   |  4 Pagesmove the cup with another clip we can get the lifesaver which is under the cup with another paper clip and we sort of push Fred in the lifesaver until we got him inside of it completely ! Procedures: 1. Lift Fred with a paper clip. 2. Move cup away with another paper clip. 3. Lift lifesaver with a paperclip. 4. Push Fred in life saver using another paper clip. 5. We saved Fred’s life !! Materials: 1 gummy worm 1 lifesaver 1 plastic cup 4 paper clips Data: 1. WeRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1599 Words   |  7 Pagesdepression. They may help improve the way your brain uses certain chemicals that control mood or stress. Antidepressants take time – usually 2 to 4 weeks – to work, and often, symptoms such as sleep, appetite, and concentration problems improve before mood lifts. In some cases, anyone under 25 may experience an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior when taking antidepressants, especially in the first few weeks after starting or when the dose is changed. Several types of psychotherapy (also called â€Å"talkRead MoreWhat A Model Organism?1694 Words   |  7 Pagesa forward genetic screen. This technique is used to study genetic pathways that regulate biological functions, allowing scientists to focus on the pathway of the function of neurons, these neurons are what makes signals of muscle movement. This research can lead to better understanding of human genes and how to analyze path ways that are responsible for tissue and organ function. Sydney Brenner was able to identify over 600 mutants, for this lab we have focused on ~9 phenotypes, our given phenotypeRead MoreEriksons Stages Of Psychosocial Development1571 Words   |  7 Pagesup blood, difficulty with breathing or swallowing, dizziness, headache, nosebleeds, paralysis, , red or black, tarry stools, red or dark brown urine, shortness of breath, bruising, collection of blood under the skin. Monitor blood studies: Hct, CBC, coagulation studies, occult blood in stools; platelet count. Assess Pt for bleeding gums, petechiae, ecchymosis, epistasis, black tarry stools and decrease in BP. 08-Clonidine 0.2 mg PO daily; Side effects: Allergic reaction: Itching or hives, swellingRead MoreMy Father Being An Engineer1417 Words   |  6 Pagesfield of applied science. As I had huge fascination for supersonic aircrafts, the classes on fluid mechanics and compressible flow caught my attention the most. How an airfoil design helps a manmade vehicle defy gravity using simple concept of drag and lift made me realize there is just so much I don’t know yet. To feed my curiosity and to explore the vast realm of applied science I realized the necessity to expand the horizon of my knowledge. So I devoted myself in various research works. AlreadyRead MoreThe Motors New Robotic Surgery System1366 Words   |  6 Pages115.460 RPM and a stall torque of 117.87 ounces-inches. This linear equation was also used to determine if the motor met the Maximum torque and speed requirements for each individual joint in the surgery arm. The Vex DC motor that was tested in this lab met the requirements for Joint C however for A and B, only one of the max requirements could be met at a time. The requirements for each joint can be found in Table 5 in the attached sheet. For the servo motor, the values of the pulse widths in millisecondsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Dignity And Dreams 1600 Words   |  7 Pagesand third experiments tested how people spent their income in the presents of others using a laboratory habitat. Lastly, experiment 4 had been conducted in the laboratory by giving Harvard undergraduates money and allowing them to by items within the lab and tracking how they spent the money. While the spending habits tested by Epley confirmed how people spent more of the income when it was thought to be a be bonus he also found that the participants saved more when it was a rebate check. Sykes conducted

Victoria Chemicals Plc a free essay sample

On another note, Griffin Tewitt, assistant plant manager and Morris’s direct subordinate, Proposed that Greystock modify his proposal to include a renovation of the EPC production line at a cost of GBP1 million. He believed that the renovation would give Victoria Chemicals the lowest EPC cost base in the world and would improve cash flows by GBP25, 000. The NPV of  this project was GBP750, 000, which Tewitt argued that the negative NPV ignored strategic advantages from the project and increases in volume and prices when the recession ended. The purchase was estimated at GBP2 million in 2010. Rolling stock would have a depreciable life of 10 years, but could operate much longer with proper maintenance. The rolling stock also could not be used outside of Britain because of differences in track gauges, which meant that the trucks could not be used to ship product to its primary customers in the Middle East. The Transport Division believed that the cost of the tank cars should be included in the initial outlay of Merseyside Works’ capital program. We will write a custom essay sample on Victoria Chemicals Plc a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Greystock disagreed, noting that they were doing the company a favor by using the excess capacity and that company has always operated in silos. As such Greystock did not include the charge (cost of excess rolling stock) in the proposal on the grounds that the division should carry the allocation of rolling stock. The Merseyside project is attractive with some criteria. The entire industry was experiencing a downturn. The company increased their outputs in renovation times. Now they can do oversupply of polypropylene. Merseyside gives an opportunity to cannibalize the competitor company which is Rotterdam . Merseyside project allows Victoria Chemicals to compete better with other producer of polypropylene and thus win over customers from competitors. But when we take a look at this project we thought that Luky Morris should ask Greystock about his DCF : how about loses in renovating time because Greystock did not analyze how much they lost in that time period. Also they make discount on their price in order to cannibalize their competitor. He should ask him how they can cover their lost in budget with this new lower price.

Minimum wage Essays (1232 words) - Employment Compensation

The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions reported that around 310,000 low paid employees will get higher wages after setting the minimum wage. It is believed that the minimum wage will bring more wealth to low income families and narrow the wealth gap. As a result, the minimum wage was set at $28 per hour as the new wage ordinance on 1st May, 2011. This law applies to the market force, including the disabled. However, it is not applicable to live-in domestic workers, work-experience interns and student interns. Despite the above fact that minimum wage has bring some benefits to the employees, we believe that people fail to see the whole picture. The implementation of minimum wage in Hong Kong has posted a threat on different companies, including companies? suffering from heavy economic pressure, the reduction of welfare and the unfairness to the old employees. Firstly, the companies may suffer from heavy economic pressure due to the rise in operating costs and decline in their profits, which lead to the slowing down of their plans of expanding business and even result of being forced to close down. The minimum wage would certainly affect some business, such as the catering industry. Take KFC as an example, KFC is one of the companies struggling with the high costs after the implementation of minimum wage. Two years ago, KFC paid its staff only HK$16 per hour. Later, the wage rate of staff was increased more than 30%, which is HK$21 per hour. As the minimum wage is set to HK$28, the percentage increase in wage rate is 33.3%. Therefore, it is difficult for KFC to run its business because of its high costs. The increase in operating costs also happened in the property management companies. From an article of the Standard, the president of the Hong Kong Association of Property Management companies, Edmond Cheng Kam-wah said that it is expected that the minimum wage will cause the increase in operating costs of local property management companies by 3-4%. If the minimum wage is set at a level which some employers can?t afford, they may have to relocate their businesses to the mainland China. This will adversely affect the economy of Hong Kong. Thus, there is a need to strike a balance between employers and employees but not minimum wage. Moreover, many other companies have been facing the increase in costs after the minimum wage law is launched. A survey, conducted in June 2011 by the Hong Kong Institute of Human Resource Management, reported the cost adjustment in various companies. 117 companies from 17 different industries are questioned while 115 companies have responded to the interviews. Results have shown that 9% of the companies indicated more than 10% increase in overall staff costs, including salaries, bonuses, allowances and benefits, 21% of the companies indicated 2% - 9.9% increase in costs while 70% of the c ompanies indicated less than 2% increase in costs. It seems that minimum wage have posted a great impact on the various companies as staff costs have increased a lot under the minimum wage. Secondly, in order to counter the impact of minimum wage, employers may remove meal breaks and even reduce conventional welfare practices of the employees. This effect implies to different companies, such as those in the hotel industry. According to a survey done by the Catering and Hotels Industries Employees' General Union in June 2012, 246 room attendants from about 30 hotels responded to the interview. Results have shown that 70% of respondents fail to receive medical insurance while more than half of the respondents fail to receive paid annual leave. Besides, many people may think that gaining higher wage rate after the statutory minimum wage was set leads to an increase in income. This may also allow citizens to have higher living standards. However, a survey conducted by the Oxfam proves that minimum wage causes another consequence. The survey has shown that 19.6% of low-income workers reported a decline in their individual income while 27.4% of them reported a decline in fami ly income. This is caused by the fact that employers are reducing remuneration packages by cutting paid rest days and paid meal breaks. In order to cut the

AC Greeen essays

AC Greeen essays A.C Green by A.C Green . Green tells about his life and how he made it to the NBA .He also tells how he got closer to God and accepted him as his savior . He also explains , that Christ is more important than cars and money Green was born in Portland , Oregon were he was loved by both of his parents . When Green got to High School he decided to play basketball for his school. He was the best player in his school . When they got to the State Championship they barely won by one point and were the champions .Then after that Green is selected to be the All-Metro area player of the year . When he was growing up just before going to the University of Oregon he accepts God as When Green had free time in the University he would encourage College students to read the Bible , know God and follow his commands . He would also preach to them about how good is to be a Christian and he would proudly say that he was a Christian .When he was playing basketball for Oregon State he was drafted to the Lakers . After graduating from Oregon State ,Green moves to L.A to play for the Lakers .That year Green wins his first NBA championship with the Lakers . When he lived in L.A he formed A.C Green Foundation for Youth to help build hope, confidence , and self esteem in young people. When he played his second year for the Lakers they won the NBA Championship . In his third year playing professional basketball he signed a contract to play for the A.C green is a pretty cool including the book for people who love sports , it influenced me to speak out more about God and love him more every day . An example of that is when he raised his hand at church and wasn't afraid to tell about God and saying that he got saved . Counting 1-10 I would rate this a 7. ...

Habits and Traits of Wolf Spiders, Family Lycosidae

Habits and Traits of Wolf Spiders, Family Lycosidae The wolf spiders (family Lycosidae) are difficult to spot and even tougher to catch. Most lycosids live on the ground, where they use keen eyesight and quick speed to capture prey. Lycosa means wolf in Greek and wolf spiders are one of the largest spider families. Its very likely that you will come across wolf spiders a few times in your life. They live in a variety of habitats throughout the world and are prevalent in North America.  A wolf spider bite can be quite painful, but it is not necessarily dangerous, though you should see a doctor anyway. What Do Wolf Spiders Look Like? Wolf spiders vary greatly in size. The smallest may measure only 3 millimeters in body length, while most lycosids are larger, reaching up to 30 millimeters. Many species live in burrows in the ground, and most are nocturnal. Most lycosids are brown, gray, black, pale orange, or cream. They often have stripes or speckles. The head region of the cephalothorax usually narrows. The legs, particularly the first two pairs, may be spiny to help the spiders hold their prey. Spiders in the family Lycosidae can be identified by their eye arrangement. Wolf spiders have eight eyes, arranged in three rows. Four small eyes make up the lower row. In the center row, the wolf spider has two large, forward-facing eyes. The remaining two eyes in the upper row vary in size, but these face the sides of the head. Classification of Wolf Spiders Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily - Lycosidae What Do Wolf Spiders Eat? Lycosids are solitary spiders and feed primarily on insects. Some larger wolf spiders may also prey on small vertebrates. Rather than build webs to trap prey, wolf spiders hunt them down at night. They move very fast and are known to climb or swim while hunting, despite being ground dwellers. The Wolf Spider Life Cycle While males rarely live beyond one year, female wolf spiders may live for several. Once she has mated, the female will lay a clutch of eggs and wrap them in a round, silk ball. She attaches the egg case to the underside of her abdomen, using her spinnerets to hold it in place. Burrowing wolf spiders place their egg sacs in the tunnel by night, but bring them to the surface for warmth during the day.   When the spiderlings hatch, they climb onto the mothers back until they have grown enough to venture out on their own. These mothering behaviors are characteristic of and unique to the  life cycle of wolf spiders. Special Behaviors of Wolf Spiders Wolf spiders have keen senses, which they use to hunt, find mates, and protect themselves from predators. They can see quite well  and are highly sensitive to vibrations which alert them to movements of other organisms. Wolf spiders rely on camouflage to hide them in the leaf litter where they roam. Lycosids do use venom to subdue their prey. Some wolf spiders will flip onto their backs, using all eight legs like a basket to hold an insect catch. They will then bite the prey with sharp fangs to render it immobile. Are Wolf Spiders Dangerous? Wolf spiders are known to bite humans when they feel threatened. While the venom is poisonous, it is not deadly. The bite will hurt quite a bit and some people may have an allergic reaction. Its recommended that you always seek medical treatment after a bite. Where Are Wolf Spiders Found? Wolf spiders live nearly worldwide, just about any place where they can find insects for food. Lycosids are common in fields and meadows, but also inhabit mountains, deserts, rainforests, and wetlands. Arachnologists have described over 2,300 species. There are about 200 kinds of wolf spiders living in North America.

Nursing theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing theory - Research Paper Example These systems often apply different and distinctive aspects and concepts. For instance, the personal system is pegged on self, perceptions, growth and development space, time, body and image. On the other hand, the interpersonal systems apply interaction, transaction, role, communication, and stress concepts while social system involves organization, power, status, authority, status, and decision-making concepts. Notably, these concepts are applied in the nursing profession; however, with their advantages to success in the nursing practice, the theory and its concepts has some of its challenges in application (George, 2010). King just like other professionals pursued nursing career with the aim of improving the health conditions of the patients. Towards attaining his goals, she prompted means through which patients’ improvement goals can be attained. Moreover, through her theory she provide stepped through which her desired goals can be approved. In the Theory of Goal Attendance, Imogene King focuses on the processes that are likely to improve nurse patient relationship. Her main aim was to help nurses with techniques of meeting their health goals to patients. King was born on 30 January 1923, in West Point, Iowa. She attained her nursing diploma in 1945 from St. Johns Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri. She later earned Bachelor of Science in Nursing in 1948 from St. Louis University. Later in 1957, she completed her Masters of Science in Nursing from the St. Louis University. In 1961, she earned doctoral degree from Teachers College, Columbia University. Imogene King died on 24 December 2007 (George, 2010). In King’s career life, between 1966 and 1968, she was an assistant Chief of Research Grants Branch. During this period, she work for the Nursing Division in Washington, D.C. where she worked under Dr. Jessie Scott. From the year 1968 and 1972, she served as the director of the Ohio State University School of Nursing.

United States And European Union Relations Research Paper

United States And European Union Relations - Research Paper Example Concurrently, the EU established the European Climate Change Programme with the intent of â€Å"identifying the most environmental-friendly and cost-effective ways to enable the EU to meet its target under the Kyoto Protocol.† The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement bridged to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Its main attribute is that it sets binding goals for 37 developed countries and the European countries for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The European Commission issued its schemes for a new energy policy for Europe. This represents the EU’s attempt to align its energy and climate policies. Typified as setting the pace for a â€Å"new global industrial revolution†, it asserts to commence the process of delivering a low carbon economy for Europe. However, the Commission needs to improve and expand the EUETS because of some limitations and to address criticisms. US and EU views on how to embark upon global climate c hange have been characterized by widely conflicting opinions on the significance of technology, the economic costs, the role of developing countries and the nature of importance of binding multilateral diminutions targets with or without trading means. However, with the enforcement of the Kyoto Protocol, and the recognition by the Kyoto Parties that medium to longer-term targets is likely to be complex to achieve than the previous commitment period Kyoto targets, the chance to move the pursuit of climate change agenda has arisen.

Iphone vs android Essay Example for Free

Iphone vs android Essay Over the years technology has been improving in terms of entertainment, social media, and communication. Today, smart phones are a verification of this improving technology, but how do we decide which one is the better device? IPhone and Android are the latest most powerful operating systems out on the market. There are advantages and disadvantages to both cellular devices, and the ongoing competition will improve the smartphones for years to come. Affordability and durability are the two key factors when it comes to purchasing a smart phone. Apple and Google have gone head to head on competing for the best products. Most people assume that the expensive device has better durability and can be used longer. Price wise the Android phones ranges anywhere from one hundred to three hundred dollars. In contrast, the iPhone price range is between two hundred to six hundred dollars. Most Android users report that they have dropped their phone multiple times and have not had major damage to their phone. On the other hand, iPhone users state that the front screen display can be shattered easily because of the front screen glass like display, and replacing the screen can often cost more than the phone itself. There is a wider range of android phones as they are made by a variety of manufactures. Android gives you the flexibility to choose from many different colors, sizes or distinct features. The iPhone is restricted and limited to one model each year, but recently Apple has now developed two phones with different colors to match your personal preference. Nonetheless, Apple phones have the same features. While these phones are more powerful and fun than any other smartphone, that fun comes with a price. Any smartphone user will recharge their phone almost  every couple of hours. The cellular data network on each phone drains the battery the most, because we use it daily either for social networks or important information for homework. A smartphone without applications is nothing but an ordinary dull phone. The applications are the hub of the operating system. Both the iPhone and Android have app stores which are the Apple App store for iPhone and the Google Play Store for Android. According to recent news, each store now has about 700,000 apps. Many of the apps are free for both stores, but Apple on the other hand has a reputation for being pricey. Its also worth noting that Android is still the second option for big companies developing applications. Many applications exist for both devices. It’s logical that the main focus is on releasing and updating the paid applications before the free ones. Each operating system has voice activated assistants which is an app on the android called S-Voice app and the well-known Siri for the iPhone. Siri is admired and amazingly beneficial to all the iPhone users. The voice activated assistants on each device, is an automated assistant that responds when one speaks to it, as if you were speaking to a person. There is also a free Android app called Robin, which pursues to rival Siri. Both of these devices contain a guided navigation system which help in getting around the local area. Apple Maps which is an app for the iPhone and Google Maps for Android. Google Maps allows the use of Googles Street View; Apple Maps does not. When using the GPS on the iPhone there have been complaints on how the GPS guides them to an unusual location rather than the original destination. The GPS for Android users is accurate and more reliable to use especially when going on road trips. Web Browser on Apple Safari for the iPhone and Google Chrome are both fine choices which work well on a mobile screen and offer touch screen capabilities, zooming in for instance is an example. In comparison the two phones have incredibly fast internet and it is basically like having a computer in your pocket at all times. Adobe Flash is available on the Android, and it aids in website where a user interface is needed and here is where Android has the advantage. A function that many people can’t seem to live without is the ability to text message. Both of these phones contain the ability to text, not just with one’s fingers but by just by talking to the phone’s speaker. This function is beneficial, because instead of a phone call that might take up your time, you can just send a message within  seconds. IPhone and Android phones are currently the latest, in demand phones. Some people wonder what the difference between the two is, or if they are just the same. Technology changes every day and there’s always new and different phones on the market. Ultimately it’s the user’s preference on which device they would like to purchase.

Free Macbeth Essays: Blameless Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Blameless Macbeth  Ã‚      Macbeth, a tragic play by William Shakespeare, involves the downfall of a military hero, Macbeth. Our hero, however, is not to blame for his own fate – the downfall of Macbeth is the result of the actions by those around him. Three evil withes foretell that Macbeth will become Thane of DCawdor and even King of Scotland. Macbeth dismissed their prophecies, but after he is promoted to Thane of Cawdor for military action, Macbeth wonders if he shall not be King, too. Macbeth is a good and loyal kinsman who would never harm his King. Were it not for outside forces, he would have lived happily as Thane of Cawdor, an illustrious title in itself. Macbeth does not even want to kill King Duncan. He says Ã’chance may crown me without my stir.Ó Fearing the withes message means that he will kill the king in the future, he says Ã’Present fears are less than horrible imaginings.Ó Macbeth writes to his wife, telling her about the withes and how one prophecy has already come true. As soon as she hears about it, she calls on evil spirits to fill her full of cruelty so that she will the King if necessary. Macbeth, one the other hand, does not like a possible future by the withes prophecy: that he will kill his King. This shows the difference between Lord and Lady Macbeth. It is only after much nagging and cajoling from his wife that he decides to go through with it, and then halfheartedly. His wife uses insults, demeans him, and makes him feel less than a man, so Macbeth finally gives in. While Lady Macbeth is the one who sets the ball rolling, to use an analogy, it was the witches that put the ball at the top of the hill,. The three withes are a physical manifestation of evil. They conspire to kill as many mortals as possible, under their ‘superior,’ Hecate. Using their evil ability to see into the future, they can tell that by using Macbeth as a tool for destruction, the maximum destructiveness will be reached. To get Macbeth to do their evil biddings, the first influence this seed of evil into his mind. By giving Macbeth that prophecy, they ensure that their plans will work.The prophecy is a self fulfilling one: for the future to be as it turns out to be, someone must know of it. Free Macbeth Essays: Blameless Macbeth :: Macbeth essays Blameless Macbeth  Ã‚      Macbeth, a tragic play by William Shakespeare, involves the downfall of a military hero, Macbeth. Our hero, however, is not to blame for his own fate – the downfall of Macbeth is the result of the actions by those around him. Three evil withes foretell that Macbeth will become Thane of DCawdor and even King of Scotland. Macbeth dismissed their prophecies, but after he is promoted to Thane of Cawdor for military action, Macbeth wonders if he shall not be King, too. Macbeth is a good and loyal kinsman who would never harm his King. Were it not for outside forces, he would have lived happily as Thane of Cawdor, an illustrious title in itself. Macbeth does not even want to kill King Duncan. He says Ã’chance may crown me without my stir.Ó Fearing the withes message means that he will kill the king in the future, he says Ã’Present fears are less than horrible imaginings.Ó Macbeth writes to his wife, telling her about the withes and how one prophecy has already come true. As soon as she hears about it, she calls on evil spirits to fill her full of cruelty so that she will the King if necessary. Macbeth, one the other hand, does not like a possible future by the withes prophecy: that he will kill his King. This shows the difference between Lord and Lady Macbeth. It is only after much nagging and cajoling from his wife that he decides to go through with it, and then halfheartedly. His wife uses insults, demeans him, and makes him feel less than a man, so Macbeth finally gives in. While Lady Macbeth is the one who sets the ball rolling, to use an analogy, it was the witches that put the ball at the top of the hill,. The three withes are a physical manifestation of evil. They conspire to kill as many mortals as possible, under their ‘superior,’ Hecate. Using their evil ability to see into the future, they can tell that by using Macbeth as a tool for destruction, the maximum destructiveness will be reached. To get Macbeth to do their evil biddings, the first influence this seed of evil into his mind. By giving Macbeth that prophecy, they ensure that their plans will work.The prophecy is a self fulfilling one: for the future to be as it turns out to be, someone must know of it.

The Philippine Health Care Delivery System

THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM HEALTH CARE SYSTEM * an organized plan of health services (Miller-Keane, 1987) HEALTH CARE DELIVERY * rendering health care services to the people (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981). HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981) * the network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people. PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM * is a complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services (Dizon, 1977). COMPONENTS OF THE HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM The Department of Health Mandate: The Department of Health shall be responsible for the following: formulation and development of national health policies, guidelines, standards and manual of operations for health services and programs; issuance of rules and regulations, licenses and accreditations; promulgation of national health standards, goals, priorities and indicators; development of special health programs and projects and advocacy for legislation on health policies and programs. The primary function of the Department of Health is the promotion, protection, preservation or restoration of the health of the people through the provision and delivery of health services and through the regulation and encouragement of providers of health goods and services (E. O. No. 119, Sec. 3). Vision: Health as a right. Health for All Filipinos by the year 2000 and Health in the Hands of the People by the year 2020. Mission: The mission of the DOH, in partnership with the people to ensure equity, quality and access to health care: * by making services available * by arousing community awareness * by mobilizing resources * by promoting the means to better health LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES 1. PRIMARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES are the rural health units, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units operated by the DOH; puericulture centers operated by League of Puericulture Centers; tuberculosis clinics and hospitals of the Philippine Tuberculosis Society; private clinics, clinics operated by the Philippine Medical Association; clinics operated by large industrial firms for their employees; community hospitals and health centers operated by the Philippine Medicare Care Commission and other health facilities operated by voluntary religious and civic groups (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981). . SECONDARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES * are the s maller, non-departmentalized hospitals including emergency and regional hospitals. * Services offered to patients with symptomatic stages of disease, which require moderately specialized knowledge and technical resources for adequate treatment. 3. TERTIARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES * are the highly technological and sophisticated services offered by medical centers and large hospitals. These are the specialized national hospitals. Services rendered at this level are for clients afflicted with diseases which seriously threaten their health and which require highly technical and specialized knowledge, facilities and personnel to treat effectively (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981) FACTORS ON THE VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF HEALTH WORKERS AMONG COUNTRIES AND COMMUNITIES 1. available health manpower resources 2. local health needs and problems 3. political and financial feasibility THREE LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS A. VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH WORKERS * first contacts of the community and initial links of health care. * Provide simple curative and preventive health care measures promoting healthy environment. * Participate in activities geared towards the improvement of the socio-economic level of the community like food production program. * Community health worker, volunteers or traditional birth attendants. B. INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS * represent the first source of professional health care attends to health problems beyond the competence of village workers * provide support to front-line health workers in terms of supervision, training, supplies, and services. * Medical practitioners, nurses and midwives. C. FIRST LINE HOSPITAL PERSONNEL * provide back up health services for cases that require hospitalization * establish close contact with intermediate level health workers or village health workers. * Physicians with specialty, nurses, dentist, pharmacists, other health professional s. TWO-WAY REFERRAL SYSTEM (Niace, et. al. 8th edition 1995) A two-way referral system need to be established between each level of health facility e. g. barangay health workers refer cases to the rural health team, who in turn refer more serious cases to either the district hospital, then to the provincial, regional or the whole health care system. Public P Barangay Health OHealth Worker Nurse 2nd 3rd P H F H F U E A E A L Barangay RHU A C A C A Health Midwife Physician L I L I T Stations T L T L I H I H I O T T N RHS Sanitary Y Y Midwife Inspector MULTISECTORAL APPROACH TO HEALTH (NLGNI, 8th edition, 1995) The level of health of a community is largely the result of a combination of factors. Other health-related Systems (government/ private Ways of CommunityHealth Care The Health System People (Cultural) Environment (Social, Economic, physical, Etc. Health, therefore, cannot work in isolation. Neither can one sector or discipline claim monopoly to the solution of community health problems. Health has now become a multisectoral concern. For instance, it is unrealistic to expect a malnourished child to substantially gain in weight unless the family’s poverty is alleviated†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In other words, improvement of social and economic conditions need to be attended to first or tackled hand in hand with health problems. 1. Intersectoral Linkages – Primary Health Care forms an integral part of the health system and the over-all social and economic development of the community. As such, it is necessary to unify health efforts within the health organization itself and with other sectors concerned. It implies the integration of health plans with the plan for the total community development. Sectors most closely related to health include those concerned with: a. Agricultural b. Education c. Public works d. Local governments e. Social Welfare f. Population Control g. Private Sectors The agricultural sector can contribute much to the social and economic upliftment of the people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Demonstration to mothers of better techniques and procedures for food preparation and preservation can preserve the nutritive value of local foods. Through joint efforts, agricultural technology that produces side effects unsafe to health (for instance, insecticide poisoning) can be minimized or prevented. The school has long been recognized as an effective venue for transmission of basic knowledge to the community. Every pupil or student can be tapped for primary health care activities such as sanitation and food production activities†¦.. Construction of safe water supply facilities and better roads can be jointly undertaken by the community with public works. Community organization (e. g. establishing a barangay network for health) can be worked through the local government or community structure. Likewise, better housing through social welfare agencies, promotion of responsible parenthood through family planning services and increased employment through the private sectors can be joint undertakings for health†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦We have to recognize that oftentimes health actions undertaken outside the health sector can have health effects much greater than those possible within it. 2. Intrasectoral Linkages – In the health sector, the acceptance of primary health care necessitates the restructuring of the health system to broaden health coverage and make health service available to all. There is now a widely accepted pyramidal organization that provides levels of services starting with primary health and progressing to specialty care. Primary health care is the hub of the health system. A PYRAMIDAL HEALTH STRUCTURE Tertiary National Health Health Care Services Regional Health Services Secondary Health District Health Services Care Rural (Local Hospital) Services Rural Health Units Primary Barangay Health Stations Health Care THE NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN (Niace, et. al 8th edition 1995) The National Health Plan is the blue print which is followed by the Department of Health. It defines the country’s health problems, policy thrusts, strategies and targets. POLICY THRUSTS AND STRATEGIES There are policy thrusts and strategies which are commonly important. These are: 1. Information, education, and communication programs will be implemented to raise the awareness of the public, including policy makers, program planners and decision makers; 2. An update of the legislative agenda for health, nutrition and family planning (HNFP), and stronger advocacy for pending HNFP –related legislations will be pursued; 3. Integration of efforts in the health, nutrition and family planning sector to maximize resources in the delivery of services through the establishment of coordinative mechanisms at both the national and local levels; 4. Partnership between the public and the private sectors will be strengthen and institutionalized to effectively utilize and monitor private resources for the sector; 5. Enhancement of the status and role of women as program beneficiaries and program implementers will be pursued to enable them to substantially participate in the development process.

Karl Marx’ views Essay

For Karl Marx, poverty is the outcome of the rampant class inequality that the society is suffering today. The working class, whom Karl Marx advocates, is the ones who are actually earning the money for the society (Nafziger & Auvinen, 2003). They are the ones who actually deserve to get much of the gains, rather those who are capitalizing from their labor. Marx stressed that capitalists are the ones bringing disarray in the society because they are actually contributing lesser work as compared to the laborers, yet they are getting most of the gains. In order to correct this, Marx strongly advocated the abolishing of capitalism and replaces it with communism. For him, it could be a way to alleviate poverty in the society today, rather than just letting the capitalists sit around and wait for the harvest of their money’s fruit, rather than giving the laborers the real fruits of their labors. In Marx’ belief, capitalism has been the root of the great class divide, the widening gap between different social strata, where the poor and the rich are distinctively apart from each other. This is because of the fact that a great part of the gains goes to the pockets and the bellies of the capitalists, who are theoretically â€Å"getting even richer,† the fact that they are the ones who have the money. On the other hand, the laborers, the ones who are exerting greater effort as compared to these capitalists, are not getting anywhere the definition of rich at all, hence, they are having the difficulty to cope with the increasing cost of living, thus worsening their status, with them experiencing the â€Å"poor is getting poorer† part. Looking closely at Marx’ ideas, you could see that it could also be about freedom. It is being able to freely produce and receive what is rightfully yours, as for the part of the laborers, for their efforts, their hard work to be reciprocated with enough pay (Kohl & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Development Centre. , 2003). It is about how the true â€Å"money-earners† – the laborers, be able to control various circumstances that could benefit them, and not the capitalists. They will be able to create a free society where their hard work will be equal to a good life for them and their families. Because of this, the society will be a better place as conceived by Marx. It will be an exploitation-free society, in the same time it will do away with oppression, racism, unemployment, war, from poverty and inequality.

How To Say Lets in Spanish

How To Say Let's in Spanish Spanish has two main ways of making suggestions or commands to a group that includes the person speaking. Both of them can be used as the equivalent of the English lets in a sentence such as Lets leave. Imperative Mood The most straightforward way is to use the first-person plural imperative mood, which takes the same form as the first-person plural form of the subjunctive mood. In regular -ar verbs, the ending is replaced by -emos, and in -er and -ir verbs, the ending is replaced by -amos: Bailemos un vals. Lets dance a waltz. Compremos una casa en Espaà ±a. Lets buy a house in Spain. Hagamos un trato. Lets make a deal. Tratemos de ser felices. Lets try to be happy. If youre using the imperative form of a reflexive verb, the -emos ending becomes -à ©monos, and the -amos ending becomes -monos. In other words, the -nos ending is added to the verb, but the -s is dropped before the pronoun: Levantà ©monos a las seis de la maà ±ana. Lets get up at 6 a.m. Lavà ©monos las manos. Lets wash our hands. Rimonos un ratito. Lets laugh a little bit. (Rà ©irse is an irregular verb.) In the negative form, however, the pronoun comes before the verb: No nos mejoremos. Lets not improve ourselves. Using Vamos A Probably more common than the imperative mood, and even easier to learn, is to use the first-person plural form of ir followed by a, i.e., vamos a, followed by the infinitive: Vamos a nadar. Lets go swimming. Vamos a casarnos. Lets get married. Vamos a estudiar. Lets study. Vamos a viajar a Italia. Lets go to Italy. You may note that vamos a infinitive can also mean we are going to infinitive, so the first sample sentence above could also mean We are going to swim. Indeed, ir a infinitive is a very common substitute for the future tense in Spanish. In the first-person plural, then, context will determine what is meant. It is not uncommon when meaning lets to replace vamos a with simply a. For example, a ver is a very common way of saying lets see. Another Meaning for Let Us When translating from English, do not confuse lets as a suggestion to the group with let us as a way of asking for permission. For example, one way you might say let us help you would be Permà ­tenos ayudarte, where the verb permitir is used in the third person (the person being addressed) rather than the first person (the people who want to help).

Geographic Situations and Factors for Settlement

Geographic Situations and Factors for Settlement In geographic terms, a situation or site refers  to the location of a place based on its relation to other places, such as San Franciscos situation being a port of entry on the Pacific coast, adjacent to Californias productive agricultural lands. Situations are typically defined by the physical elements of a location that helped determine it as good for settlement, which can include factors such as availability of building materials and water supply, the quality of soil, the climate of the region, and opportunities for shelters and defense - for this reason, many coastal cities are formed due to their proximity to both rich agricultural land and trade ports. Of the many factors that help determine if  a location is appropriate  for settling, each can be  divided into one of four  generally accepted categories: climatic, economic, physical and traditional.   Climatic, Economic, Physical, and Traditional Factors In order to better categorize which factors ultimately affect settlement, geographers have generally accepted four umbrella terms to describe these elements: climatic, economic, physical, and traditional. Climatic factors such as wet or dry situations, availability and the  need for shelter and drainage, and the  necessity for warmer or cooler garb can all determine whether or not the situation is appropriate for settlement. Similarly, physical factors like shelter and drainage, as well as soil quality, water supply, ports, and resources, can affect whether or not a location is suitable for building a city. Economic factors such as nearby markets for trade, ports for importing and exporting goods, number of available resources to account for Gross Domestic Product, and commercial routeways also play a large role in this decision, as do traditional factors such as defenses, hills, and local relief for new establishments in the locations region. Changing Situations Throughout history, settlers have had to establish a variety of different ideal factors to determine the best course of action for establishing new settlements, which have changed drastically over time. Whereas most settlements in medieval times were established based on an availability of fresh water and good defenses, there are many more factors that now determine how well a settlement would do given its location. Now, climatic factors and traditional factors play a much larger role in establishing new cities and towns because physical and economic factors are typically worked out based on international or domestic relationships and controls - though elements of these such as availability of resources and proximity to trade ports do still play a major role in the establishment process.

Who is your role model and how did that person impact your life Essay

Who is your role model and how did that person impact your life - Essay Example He made me realize my purpose and potential, my dreams are to change the world to become a better place where the world would be free from diseases, and quality healthcare would be available to all. Like Obama, I am determined not to give up on my dreams. Moreover, President Obama has taught me never to lose my hopes, always focus on the future, and press forward always no matter the obstacles. According to Price (92) his opponents said negative things about him such as he did not have any political experience to govern a state like America, but he did not listen to them because his intentions were focused on the best lives for all. Becoming the president of America was not an easy thing considering that he was an African American, he came from a humble family, was not famous, his family had no political background, and of all things his father was a Muslim. Therefore, I have emulated Obama’s behaviors, and now I am a persistent, strong minded and compassionate person. Many thanks to Obama as a weak, intolerant, and unconfident me, is now gone. I am now the most passionate and outstanding person in whatever I do, and I am not ready to stop. Price, Joann. Barrack Obama: A Biography. U.S.A: Greenwood Press, 2008. Google books. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

Japan and China History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japan and China History - Essay Example While China has become aggressive by declaring war with Japan only to end up losing later, the latter has taken the strategy of ensuring the independence of Korea through the Treaty of Shimonoseki instead of radically annexing Korea. By this treaty, several ports in China have been opened for international trade. However, Western powers were active in China at that time, especially Russia, demanding the withdrawal of Japan from its claim over Liaodong (Duiker & Spielvogel 664). Yet instead of fighting for their claims like what China would have done, Japan ceded back their control and gave in with the demands of Russia. As a result, this strategy established diplomatic relations with Russia for a while allowing Japan to take over Korean affairs without intrusion from Russia. Japan also took advantage of this situation by collecting more war indemnity from China. The slow but sudden expansion of Japan has gradually caught the attention of other powerful Western nations such as the Uni ted States and Britain. The alliance formed with these Western powers has aided Japan to succeed in the Russo-Japanese war later in history.  

Justice with Mercy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Justice with Mercy - Essay Example As defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary Justice is â€Å"the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or assigning the merited rewards or punishments† (Duff and Garland 44). Justly assigning the rewards and punishments associated with an action/infraction are particularly important to a Naval Officer. An officer must impartially distinguish the facts in a non-judicial punishment (NJP) case and issue punishment in a fair, impartial, practical and effective manner. Merriam-Webster also defines justice as â€Å"the quality of being just, impartial, or fair† (Duff and Garland 44). While being impartial will usually be the simple part to a NJP case the issue of being just or fair leaves some ambiguity. From the point of view of Plato, justice is one of the four main cardinal virtues that need to be upheld by all humans (Mill 35). Plato’s student contends that virtuous behavior needs to be at the ce nter stage of human behavior. In his review, this state of fairness is the basement upon which moral maturity is anchored. Just like Aristotle, Plato contends that fairness principle is central to the execution of justice. In this regard, individuals need to be entitled and to get exactly what is due to them. According anything more than whatever they deserve implies that justice in this regard is excessive (Konow 1188). Conversely, according them less of whatever they deserve implies that justice is deficient. Although it could be very difficult to determine and measure the exact amount of what people deserve, the perfect justice principle offers useful insights that can be used to attain this. At this point, it is certain that justice is a virtuous principle that greatly promotes fairness. In particular, it ensures that good persons within the society are rewarded while those who pursue evil deeds are punished accordingly. To a great extent, this enhances harmonic living as a bala nce is maintained between the societal good and evil. In this respect, individuals inhabiting such a society appreciate the importance of the virtue and employ it in restoration and maintenance of social order. Undoubtedly, a society that lacks justice is likely to be characterized by a high degree of disorganization. Examining the Socratic principles we find that justice is entrenched in various ethical principles. In light of utilitarianism for instance, ends must justify the means. In a game of chess, if a parent violates the rules of chess in order to teach the child how to play the games we find that the ends justify the means. Though a trivial example the same application of righteousness of action can be expanded and applied to a larger context. According to Rawls utilitarian moral ethics state that the best action or avoidance of action is determined by the usefulness of the implementation of an action or inaction (Rawls 42). In short, the morally right act or avoidance of a n act is grounded based on the outcome of the action or avoidance of action† (Mill 52). Utilitarians believe that punishment is allowed if it brings greater happiness to the greater number of persons in society. In his research, Rawls emphasizes that punishment is justifiable if it effectively promotes societal interests, otherwise it should be disallowed (Rawls 56). In essence,

Corporate Governance And Business Ethics Of IKEA Commerce Essay

Corporate Governance And Business Ethics Of IKEA Commerce Essay The origin of IKEA concept dates back to the year 1943 in Sweden. The founder of the organization Ingvar Kamprad was just 17 years old when he started this organization. The company is almost six decades old now. The organization which was started in a small village in Sweden today has spread across 36 countries world over and has created a brand image for itself as one of the worlds leading furniture dealers. The owner of the business, Ingvar Kamprad, as already stated was very young when he started this organization. It was his ambition to start his own business since his childhood years. He started selling small household things like matches etc, since the age of five. As he grew a little older he started going a little ahead of his neighborhood to carry out the selling of matches and he realizes that it is possible to buy matches in bulk at a lesser price and possible to earn decent profits. His product portfolio ranges from matches to various other things like Christmas gifts, greeting cards, pencils and ball point pens etc (IKEA, 2009). In the year 1943, at the age of 17 Ingvar receives a small sum of money from his father as a gift for his exceptional academic performance which he uses as capital for his business and starts his own business. The name of the company IKEA is actually the initials of the Founder Ingvar Kamprad and the first letters of the farm and village he grew up Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd. In the initial days of origination, the company used to sell stationery stuff like ball point pens, table runners, and other miscellaneous stuff like watches and jewelry etc. However, an interesting fact about the store is that the products were priced lesser. As the years passed, the product portfolio of the company increased and it has primarily become a furniture retailer. Today, the organization has got its presence in over 36 countries across the globe. From opening stores in various parts of the world to acquiring business units and being environment friendly, the company has created a name for itself in the world. Business Idea of IKEA IKEA is famous all across the globe for their affordable price range for the well-designed and varied range of functional home furniture. Price affordability is the predominant ides behind every step that the company takes, right from product development to product sales (IKEA, 2009). However, one may think how is the company making it possible to offer high quality products at a very low price? This is where the company differentiates itself from other players in the industry. The organization constantly develops ideas that are both innovative and at the same time cost-effective. Low prices, flat packing looking everything differently are a few such ideas of the organization to differentiate itself in the market. IKEA Responsibility IKEA strongly believes that taking responsibility for the society and the environment in which it does business are the foundation for its sustainability in the industry. The IKEA group has got managers who work constantly to ensure social and environmental responsibility in the day-to-day activities of the business. To support business, there are a number of specialists covering a wide range of areas, such as chemical experts, foresters, IWAY auditors and energy experts. All IKEA Group stores and distribution centers have environmental coordinators who work in the areas such as training, waste management, water and energy conservation (IKEA, 2009). Code of Conduct of IKEA IWAY The company introduced its code of conduct IWAY in the year 2000 and it applies to all of its suppliers. The company has got independent IWAYs for all of its various businesses. All of IKEAs suppliers and service providers are required to strictly adhere to this code of conduct. The code of conduct specifies certain requirements for suppliers and service providers and also the support that the company offers to them. The suppliers and service providers are required to communication the same to the co-workers and ensure that all of the channel members those are involved implement the same. Corporate Social Responsibility and its importance to todays Business Many corporate bodies have made an impression in the countries of their adoption. The impact is more so, in countries that are either developing or underdeveloped. These conglomerates play active roles in the social and economic development of the society they live in apart from generating highly profitable overtures from themselves in the bargain. This dissertation sets out to explore just this, and how they are able to manipulate their corporate social responsibilities (CSR) to ensure extremely favorable business conditions and growth. An individual must not forget that CSR alone is not enough for a company to progress; it takes a lot of personal involvement and hard management decisions to turn hostile terrains to viable solutions. Companies with high levels of CSR recognize the need to lead from the front; they show collective understanding of cultural, political and social issues, and issues pertaining to the local community and their grievance, as well as supporting their cause. A key element of business is knowledge management. Intangible assets can be easily shared through partnerships to achieve mutual benefits (Halal 2000)  [1]  . Kay (1993) argues that successful innovation and management of distinct possibilities for companies; such as the reputation of the company, which lead to the competitive advantage. Reputation, like knowledge management, is an intangible asset which can affect and be affected by the community in which a company operates. A company that supports the community wherein it operates , has the advantage of enhanced performance through image-building, and has the effect of empowering that community. It is therefore right in assessing that, those companies that play a major role in corporate social leadership can maintain their competitive advantage over other market players (Hilton and Gibbons 2002)  [2]  . A first in the market is seen as a big step forward to maintaining a competitive advantage. Becoming a CSR leader can also create competitive advantages. CSR helps to create a motivated workforce, which is easy to recruit and retain. It is thus natural to say that a constructive relationship with the community leads to knowledge exchange and mutual profit  [3]  (Halal 2000, Handy 2002). The link between CSR, community stakeholders and financial goals is seen at various levels from tenuous (Fryxell and Wang 1994), to relevant only as it impacts on primary stakeholders (MacMillan et al. 2004), to a necessity (Chakraborty et al. 2004) and finally as an investment (Schiebel and Pochtrager 2003). Chakraborty et al. (2004), says that in a developing country like India, for example, there is so much that can be done to fight poverty and deprivation and bring about advancement without losing track of its ethical and spiritual moorings. What these corporations seek is to support community development, while at the same time, concentrate on profitable propositions and enrich business practices. This can be done through cooperation with local NGOs who have reliable and time-tested networks and relationships in place (Millar et al. 2004)  [4]  . Stakeholder involvement through NGOs is not without its problems, as in many cases, some international and national NGOs have no accountability at the local level. Many areas in developing countries are either backward or tribal, which could lead to conflicting cultural norms within one geographic community area itself, and the possibility of inadvertent exclusion of any intended beneficiary can be disastrous (Blowfield, 2004)  [5]  . Another aspect of CSR is the expression of indirect marketing. CSR and marketing are frequently linked and thus, CSR is in more than one way, considered a marketing tool employed to generate profit and recognition. The overriding projection of CSR as a great marketing tool is as good as the benefits the community derives from these practices. There is no doubt that good work can enhance the reputation of the company and significantly affect the competitive advantage. There are two ways of aligning with the community they operate in. at first, the conglomerate uses the community to its advantage (cause-related marketing) while in the other, develops the community with the hope of deriving benefits in the long run (Banyan, 2004)  [6]  . Organizations function more effectively if they operate as open systems, interacting with and responding to changes in the external environment. Since such organizations are influenced by the transformations in the external setting, executives must comprehend the nature of this environment. The external environment of an organization consists of the mega environment otherwise called the general environment and the task environment. The mega environment reflects the major trends in the societies within which the organization operates. These societies have various sub components namely the technological, economic, socio-cultural and international  [7]  . The task environment consists of specific external elements with which an organizations interacts while conducting its business. These include customers and clients, competitors, suppliers, labor supply and government agencies. The task environment, which depends largely on the products and services offered by the organization and its business location, may vary from firm to firm. While a firm may to be able to directly influence its mega environment, it can certainly influence its task environment (ICFAI Centre for Management Research, 2003). Working within a large and complex external environment affects a business in terms of its social responsibility, its social responsiveness and its ethical behavior. During the initial years of the 20 century, business entities were predominantly concerned with maximizing their profits. In the 1970s, social advocates started to question industry enterprises singular objective of profit maximization. They argued that because businesses receive their existence from society, they need to have a little obligation towards it. The concept of social responsibility became popular after the publication of Howard R. Bowens Social Responsibilities of Business. Bowen argued that business enterprises should consider the impact of their decisions on society. The operational definition of social responsibility is as follows: Social responsibility contends that management is responsible to the organization itself and to all the interest groups with which it interacts. Other interest groups such as workers, customers, creditors, suppliers, government and society in general are placed essentially equal with shareholders (ICFAI Centre for Management Research, 2003). According to the above stated definitions, business entities should pay attention to the welfare of workers, consumers needs and their security, the wellbeing and privileges of creditors, government regulations and the obligations of the enterprise towards the social order as a whole. Nowadays, numerous organizations are concerned about social activities and are playing an active role in the same. While the outlook of the society have transformed, companies have become further conscious of their social responsibilities. A cautious analysis of opinions for and against the participation of organizations in social welfare activities is essential to conclude whether an organization should employ social programs. Arguments favoring Social Responsibilities of Business The needs of present day customers have changed, ensuing in a change in their outlook of businesses. As businesses oblige their profits to humanity, they have to thus counter to the needs of the society. Society and business gain mutual advantage when there is a symbiotic association between them. Society benefits through economic expansion and the proviso of employment prospects; and business gains through the employees and customers provided by the same society. By being socially responsible, business entities attract a smaller amount of attention from regulatory agencies, this gives them superior liberty and suppleness in their operations. Businesses have substantial command and influence. The application or use of this command should be accompanied by an equivalent amount of accountability. Most firms are open systems, that is, they interact with the external environment. The internal activities of such firms have an impact on the external environment to avoid negative impact on the external environment, firms should be socially responsible. In addition, by being socially involved a company can improve its image and thus protect its shareholders interests (ICFAI Centre for Management Research, 2003). Social responsibility entails the preservation of natural resources. Preservation can be beneficial for organizations. Through social involvement, a firm can create a favorable public image for itself and endear itself to society, by so doing a firm can attract customers, employees and investors. Businesses have a history of coming up with innovative ideas, therefore they are likely to come with solutions for social problems, which other institutions were unable to tackle. Businesses should make the best possible utilization of the expertise and aptitude of its managerial workforce and also its capital resources in order to manufacture good quality products and services. Thereby, the businesses will be able to accomplish their responsibility towards the society. It is in the interest of the business entity to avoid social harms. Instead of allowing large scale unemployment to lead to social unrest, which in turn will harm business interests, businesses can be resources of employment for qualified youth. Arguments against social responsibility of businesses The most important rationale of a business is revenue maximization. Hence social involvement may not be reasonably feasible for a business. When a business incurs disproportionate cost for social participation, it passes the charge on to its clientele in the form of elevated prices. Society, therefore, has to tolerate the burden of the social participation of business by paying elevated prices for its merchandise. A destabilized international balance of payments state may be created by the social participation of organizations, as the cost of social programs would be appended to the cost of the goods, the multinational companies doing business in international markets would be at a inconvenience when contending with domestic companies which may not be involved in social actions. Businesses are intrinsically prepared with a firm amount of power. Their participation in social activities can lead to an augment in their influence and power. This boost in power and influence may corrupt them. Business people do not have power over the necessary skills to tackle social problems. Their proficiency and knowledge may not be pertinent to deal with such problems. Until a proper method to establish the responsibility of businesses is developed, they should not get implicated in social activities. There is no conformity regarding the kind of socially responsible actions that a business should embark on (ICMR-ICFAI Centre for Management Research, 2003 Ref.no.BECG BR 122K3 08). Business owners have their own sense of skewed ideas of doing business and their business practices. When businesses take up social responsibilities, the business owners tend to get these quirks into such actions too. This might at times lead to disastrous consequences. As in most situations there is no firm right thinking or wrong thinking. Businesses getting involved in social activities have their own strengths and weaknesses. There are definitely both sides to the coin. A mere word of concern is that, there must be a sense of balance when businesses get involved in social activities and they must not go overboard nor overlook the primary purposes of their businesses. Social Stakeholders Business executives, who are worried about corporate social responsibility need to recognize a variety of interest groups which may persuade the operation of a firm and which, consequently, may be influenced by the organizations decisions. Business enterprises are primarily accountable to six major interest groups namely the shareholders, employees, customers, creditors and suppliers, the social order and the administration. These groups are otherwise known as the social stakeholders. Shareholders The prime accountability of a business is to protect the interests of its shareholders. The shareholders provide the core resource the capital that enables the organization to operate and grow. They expect the management to use the capital judiciously and operate the business in a way that ensures a good return on their investment, both through dividends and through increase in stock value. Shareholders should be provided with adequate and timely information about the functioning of the organization. The IKEA Group  co-operates with other companies, trade unions and organizations that represent stakeholders throughout the world. These include Building and Wood Workers International, Clean Cargo Working Group and dialogues with Greenpeace (IKEA, 2009). Employees Employees are the principal assets of an organization. Traditionally, managers regarded employees only as factors of production and denied them their rightful share in the distribution of income. However, in the present times, it is mandatory for business firms to protect the interests of their employees. Laws and government regulations now define the responsibilities of the employer. A few such laws include ensuring equal employment for men and women, offering pensions and other retirement benefits, and providing a safe and healthy work environment etc. IKEA products must be manufactured under acceptable working conditions by suppliers who take responsibility for the environment. IKEA is a production-oriented retail company. By being on site and conducting responsible business, IKEA contributes to better manufacturing and working conditions for suppliers and their workers (IKEA, 2009). Customers In recent years, customers have received great attention. Firms have begun to realize the importance of keeping customers happy. Moreover, the growth of consumerism has made firms more aware of their duties towards consumers. IKEA concept in itself is all about offering high-quality products and affordable prices. In order to ensure this, the company constantly works its way about cost-effectiveness and innovation. Creditors and Suppliers Creditors and Suppliers are responsible for providing inputs for production process in the form of raw material and capital. Management is responsible for fulfilling its obligations to its creditors and suppliers. This can be done by: i. Creating long-term and healthy business relationship with them. ii. Making prompt payments to creditors and suppliers. iii. Providing them with accurate, relevant and needed information. The IKEA Group believes that safe, healthy, non-discriminatory working conditions and the protection of the environment at our suppliers are prerequisites for doing good business (IKEA, 2009).As already mentioned above, IKEA has got a special code of conduct that clarifies the expectations of suppliers from the company and also the kind of support that the company offers in order to ensure the smooth functioning of the supply chain. Society Organizations function within a social system and draw their resources from this system. Therefore, they have certain obligations towards society. The management of business organizations can fulfill their obligations toward society by preserving and enhancing the well-being of the members of society. Management can do so in the following ways: i. Using its technical expertise to solve local problems. ii. Setting socially desirable standards of living and avoiding unnecessary and wasteful expenditure. iii. Playing an important role in civic affairs. Volunteers from some companies help the traffic police regulate traffic at busy intersections. Pizza Corner in Hyderabad, India is one such organization. Many companies also put up road signs along highways to encourage safe driving habits. For instance, liquor companies such as Shaw Wallace and United Breweries have put up road signs on mountain roads in various parts of India. These road signs caution drivers against driving under the influence of alcohol. iv. Providing basic amenities, healthcare and education facilities, hence creating better living conditions. v. Establishing development programs for the benefit of economically weaker class of the society. IKEA ensures that it contributes its part to the society by taking steps to prevent child labor. IKEA has a special code of conduct called The IKEA Way on Preventing Child Labor, which is a part of  The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products. Monitoring of compliance to The IKEA Way on Preventing Child Labor is done by IKEA trading service offices and with unannounced visits by KPMG at suppliers and sub-contractors in South Asia (IKEA, 2009). Government The government of a country provides the basic facilities required for the survival and growth of businesses. The government monitors and, to a certain extent, controls the business systems of the country. Most of the controls imposed by the government are in the best interests of businesses. To fulfill its obligations to the government, the management of business organizations should: i. be law-abiding ii. Pay taxes and other dues fully, timely and honestly. iii. Not bribe government servants to obtain favors for the company. iv. Not try to use political influence in its favor. Measuring Social Responsiveness According to Keith Davis and William C. Fredrick, Social Responsiveness is the ability of a corporation to relate its operations and policies to the social environment in ways that are mutually beneficial to the company and to society (ICMR-ICFAI Centre for Management Research, 2003 Ref.no.BECG BR 122K3 08). Alternatively, it can be referred to the development of organizational decision procedures that enable managers to anticipate, respond to and manage the areas of social responsibility. Though the term social responsiveness is generally applied to business organizations, it is also applicable to not-for-profit organization also. Numerous endeavors have been made to measure social responsiveness. Some companies establish special committees to evaluate their social responsiveness. The various categories for measuring the social responsiveness of organizations are as follows: Contributions Companies make direct financial contributions to charitable and civic projects. Many companies made financial contributions towards relief and rehabilitation work to earthquakes and other similar environmental disasters. Infosys Foundation, set up by Infosys, provides financial assistance to war widows. Fund-raising This involves fund-raising for a social cause, either by the organization itself or by assisting voluntary social organization in fund-raising. Volunteerism Volunteerism refers to the involvement of employees in civic activities. The Boots Company has a volunteering program called Skills for Life, which gives employees a host of opportunities to get involved in community activities in company time. These include giving career talks; conduction mock interviews; supervising students during their work experience period; sharing business skills with local small businesses; and planting gardens and decorating community centers. Recycling To conserve the environment, materials like plastic, paper etc, can and should be recycled into useful products. . Such recycling efforts by business entities reduce the accumulation of plastic waste in landfills. Direct Corporate Investment Often, companies make direct investments to provide facilities for a locality or a community. Attention to consumers Consumers usually have a preference to buy goods that are of good eminence and are secure to use. Pollution Control Pollution is a major problem caused by rapid industrialization. Increasing public awareness and government pressure have made corporations more conscious about the environment. Conclusion Business owners have their own sense of skewed ideas of doing business and their business practices. When businesses take up social responsibilities, the business owners tend to get these quirks into such actions too. This might at times lead to disastrous consequences. As in the majority of situations there is no firm right thinking or wrong thinking. Businesses getting involved in social activities have their own strengths and weaknesses. There are definitely both sides to the coin. Only word of caution is that, there must be a sense of balance when businesses get involved in social activities and they must not go overboard nor overlook the primary purposes of their businesses.

Darkness, Be My Friend :: Darkness, Be My Friend

Darkness, Be My Friend Darkness, Be My Friend is the fourth book in John Marsden's series consisting of Tomorrow, When the War Began, In the Dead of the Night and The Third Day, The Frost, in which seven young people are thrown into the middle of a violent war zone. Ellie, Fi, Kevin, Lee, Homer, Robyn and Corrie set out on a camping trip to a remote part of their district. They find their way into a remote basin surrounded by dangerous cliffs and difficult terrain, where they are completely safe and cut off from the rest of the world. When the teenagers return to their homes, they find that all the families in the district were abducted and locked into the show grounds by armed soldiers who are taking over Australia. After finding this, they go on to perform numerous terrorist activities around the district to hamper the enemy's progress. These including blowing up a bridge on a major convoy route, attacking an important bay used for supplies and in Darkness, Be My Friend, the teenagers set out from New Zealand to assist a small group of elite New Zealand soldiers attack the new airbase that has been built in their town. In this book, the New Zealand soldiers disappear without a trace and the teenagers have to attack the airbase themsleves_ I think that this book is as much about adventure and survival as it is about emotions, friendships and relationships. The book is written as the diary of the unofficial leader of the group and she speaks a lot about her thoughts, her relationships with the other members of the group and of her emotions about what she was forced to do during the course of the war. "I was determined I wasn't going to get angry, so I ignored that. I didn't blame him in a way. If only I could have understood what was going on in my own mind_ but I found that difficult at the best of times." "It was nothing to do with Lee. I still liked him a lot. I'd got over those feelings I'd had ages ago, the negative feelings

Jails and Prisons Essay

Jails and prisons are corrective institutions which are meant to curb criminal activities in the society. They are also meant to punish the offenders. Prisons execute imprisonment which involves legal penalties. Jails and prisons should basically be aimed at punishing and rehabilitating the offender so as he/she will not repeat the crime which he/she was convicted of. The federal spending on correctional activities has also been gradually increasing. In the recent past federal government has been enhancing its efforts to improve jails and prisons conditions as a sign of recognizing some human rights entitled to criminals. Nowadays, those serving imprisonment sentences can access various facilities. These include religious services, education facilities, and recreational facilities in the exercise yard. The prisoners’ health is also well taken care of. Prisoners are also trained and imparted with some skills which may be helpful in their future life. In our contemporary prisons, prisoners are provided with entertainment facilities such as pool tables and TV. (Cavadino & Dignan 2006) USA jails and prisons are both meant to rehabilitate and punish the offenders. Rehabilitation is an effective method of ensuring no re-offence so as to reduce the number of prisoners’ population. This program seeks to address the casual links to offending, and employ cognitive behavioral approach towards modifying the prisoners’ behaviors. Counselors are used to ensure success of such programs. Those involved in use of prohibited substances and a number of civil crimes are usually rehabilitated. On the other hand, some criminal activities necessitate punishments such as fines, strokes and capital punishment. Capital punishment is applied to serious criminal activities such as terrorism, espionage, treason or mass destruction. (McGuire 2002; Cavadino & Dignan 2006)

Home Birth Vs Hospitalized Births

In the early 1900's and for years before then, almost every single birth that occurred happened inside the home and was the norm. Now a days it's the opposite. In the late 1960's that percent dropped down to only 1% of births happening at home instead of a hospital. The dramatic change in at home births is caused by the advance in technology and medicine this world has experienced since then. Women have so many choices when it comes to giving birth now. They can decide how they want to have the baby, and where.Birth can happen anywhere; at home, in a birthing center or in a hospital. It's all up to the woman. A woman might want look into the risks and benefits of each before deciding which is for her. Although home births are still very rare, we have seen an increase since 2004 and many woman today are looking into the idea of home births. A woman who is having a healthy pregnancy so far with no complications or worries, might look into home births, otherwise giving birth at home cou ld be very dangerous if there isn't a nurse or midwife present.Woman who have any heart problems or high blood pressure should consider other options as well. Even if the partner does not fully agree with the idea of home birth, this option may not be for her. Some of the perks or benefits of giving birth at home is obviously, that the woman can have anybody in the room with her during this time such as friends and family. This making the process much easier with many people to help give encouragement and emotional support as well as people around to help with anything the mother might need and the midwife might require help with.Another benefit is the immediate bonding and breastfeeding to the child. The sooner the mother is allowed to hold her child and breast feed him or her, the faster the child receives important antibodies it needs to fight off any disease. â€Å"Home birth can be significantly easier on your bank account. The average uncomplicated vaginal at home births cost s 60% less then at hospital births† ( American Pregnancy Association).Although at home births are the most natural way to have a baby, there are  some risks. In a very large recent study investigators at New York Presbyterian Medical center reviewed data from about 13 million of 17 million births and found that babies who were born at home were ten times more likely to be still born and four times more likely to suffer from seizures and other neorlogical defects compared to the babies who were born in hospitals. Even though ten percent of all babies who were born still have survived, they have suffered many very major health problems.Most at home births do have a nurse or midwife available to deal with any unexpected situations during birth, many feel it is preferable to have a whole team of doctors and specialists ready and available for any situation at any given time. Birthing centers are the second most natural way to give birth for those looking for natural birth option s. Although some birthing centers are associated with and may even be located inside a hospital, birthing centers differ in the fact that they do not provide C- sections, or inducement with Oxytocin. This being considered a benefit to woman looking for natural ways to give birth.Another benefit of birthing centers are that although it may not look like a hospital and may very well be a house, there are always more nurses and a doctor on call for any complications that may arise so the woman can feel safer without having to give birth at home and deal with any repercussions. With birthing centers there is always that sense of control and safety without being hooked up to an IV and given medications. The baby will also benefit because he or she will not be taken away at any moment for medical examinations, everything happens in the room with the mother present.Cost also plays a factor in chosing a birthing home, because they will not use any medications on you and they do not keep you longer than need be, the cost is always cheaper than from hospital births. The only real risk about Birthing centers is that if you are a high risk mother, meaning your pregnancy isn't completely safe, your baby has a condition or you have a condition anything can happen. But every birthing center runs tests before they accept you anyway. So unless something wasn't caught when they run the tests on you, your pretty safe.â€Å"You can start by calling a birth center and talking to one of the caregivers about your health history. They'll ask you, for example, whether you have certain pre-existing medical problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes and if you've had a cesarean delivery or some other invasive uterine surgery. † (Baby Center) As mentioned before, hospitals can be an option for those women who do not mind getting medication, being induced or having C sections. Or maybe for a woman who doesn't think they can handle the pain without help from medications. Becau se natural birth and at home birth is not for every woman.The obvious benefits being that a woman may feel safer in a hospital setting. More doctors available and more specialists ready for anything can also be a benefit to some women. The feeling of being safe is the biggest benefit of a hospital birth. But the risks can be medications that can interfere or cause more damage than help. Maybe some women prefer not to have a huge needle inserted in their spine and they’re child being vacuum extracted. â€Å"In their rush to prevent problems that aren’t happening, hospital personnel may aggressively push procedures and drugs that can actually cause problems.Pitocin can cause uterine contractions so strong that they stress the baby and cause fetal distress. IV narcotic drugs can affect an infant so strongly that he might not breathe at birth†(Pathways of Family Wellness). So in conclusion, with so much knowledge around and so much technology and medicinal advanceme nts, it is good to know what kind of birth a woman might like. Because it is up to the woman to choose what is in her and her child’s best interest and what may sound good to one woman may not sound to good to another. Every woman must educate herself and choose whats best for her.